Interventional pathologists: a new challenge for pathologists in the modern era

This letter highlights the growing importance of Interventional Pathologists (IP) in modern diagnostic practice. Building on the established role of Interventional Cytopathologists, the integration of In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy (CFM) into surgical and outpatient settings enables real-time histological evaluation. These technologies allow for rapid and accurate diagnosis, reduce procedural repetition, and shorten time to treatment. Clinical applications—including in neurosurgery, dermatology, and breast pathology—demonstrate high diagnostic concordance with standard histology. The authors advocate for the formal recognition and training of Interventional Pathologists to meet the evolving demands of precision medicine.